Austrian composer H(einz) K(arl) Gruber, (born 1943), has studied piano playing, singing (with the Wiener Sängerknaben) and double bass. Gruber studied composition under Alfred Uhl and Gottfried von Einem. Of great importance to him in his student years were the courses in analysis that he undertook under Erwin Ratz, a pupil of Schoenberg. He is also active internationally as a performer (chansonnier) and conductor.